As feds crack down on clinics accused of being pill mills, patients are left without their painkillers, and sometimes nowhere to turn

Courier Journal photo by Beth Warren

Thousands of patients with chronic pain in the Louisville area have been displaced by local, state and federal crackdowns on clinics accused of being pill mills, defrauding Medicaid, or both, and it's likely to get worse, Beth Warren reports for the Courier Journal.

One of those patients is retiree Michael Anderson, 67, who suffers from occipital neuralgia: electric-shock-like chronic pain in the neck and back of the head. He told Warren that depended on opioids to manage his pain, and his supply was abruptly cut off when investigators raided his pain clinic. "I'm in dire need," he said.

Such cases are likely to become more common, Warren writes, because Russell Coleman, U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Kentucky, says more investigations are underway as part of a national effort. Attorney General Jeff Sessions created a task force in February to target opioid abuse, including over-prescribing of pain and addiction medicines.

"Doctors say the federal raids on medical clinics lead to unintended consequences — patients thrust into painful withdrawals and left vulnerable to suicide or dangerous street drugs," Warren writes.

Dr. Kelly Clark, a Louisville addiction specialist who heads the American Society of Addiction Medicine, told Warren there aren't enough addiction or pain specialists to accommodate the influx of patients from clinic closures, and the problem will only get worse.

Dr. Wayne Tuckson, president of the Greater Louisville Medical Society, told Warren that area physicians are working on a coordinated response to help these patients, including creating a hotline with a list of resources, including pain-management physicians willing to care for them.

When investigators "go in with a sledgehammer and shut down a practice without consulting community physicians, suddenly we have patients thrown loose," Tuckson told Warren. "We do have a significant overdose problem and we have to do something about that. But we have to be careful that our actions do not jeopardize the care of patients."

Displaced patients may have trouble finding new doctors because investigators have seized their patient histories and doctors are wary of getting caught up in the crackdown. Many general practitioners who haven't received pain-management training refuse to prescribe high doses of narcotics, largely out of fear of losing their licenses, Tuckson said.

"Docs are very much afraid when it comes to writing pain medications," he told Warren.  "We don’t want patients to become addicted. And we don’t want to have our licenses — and therefore our livelihoods — at stake."

Clark told her, "If a practice is closed, the patients who are legitimately taking their medications as prescribed can be in a dire situation. They look and feel extremely sick."

He added, "Some patients likely will end up in emergency rooms from opioid withdrawals, which can cause cramps, chills, sweats, vomiting, diarrhea, sleeplessness and dehydration. For patients who are dependent — not addicted — they will feel better after a few days of withdrawals. Those who are addicted wouldn't be able to voluntarily taper off and going through withdrawals wouldn't stop cravings."

Suboxone, a drug used to treat addiction, is increasingly being misused to feed it, Courier-Journal investigation finds

At the end of her story, Laura Ungar describes the 27 cases of

doctors who have been disciplined for mishandling Suboxone.

A drug used to treat addiction is being misused in much of Kentucky to feed the hunger for painkillers, reports Laura Ungar of The Courier-Journal.

"Rogue Suboxone doctors across Kentucky have allowed the opioid drug to seep onto streets already saturated with illicit prescription drugs and heroin," Ungar writes. "In the hands of these doctors, the much-touted medicine designed to curb opioid cravings and ease withdrawal is instead fueling the scourge of addiction in one of the nation’s hardest-hit states."

Attorney General Andy Beshear called it "the second coming of our pill mills," which dispensed opioids with little control until the General Assembly cracked down on them in 2012. Ungar reports:

"The Courier-Journal compared a federal list of Kentucky doctors authorized to treat opioid addiction with buprenorphine, the main ingredient in Suboxone, against state medical board records on physician discipline. The CJ also examined regulators’ reports on doctors, reviewed government rules about Suboxone prescribing and interviewed doctors, drug experts, officials and patients. The investigation found:
►Buprenorphine doctors were more than three times as likely to have current disciplinary orders against them as doctors overall — the majority stemming from inappropriate prescribing of controlled substances. Six percent of the 465 buprenorphine-prescribing doctors were the subject of disciplinary orders for any reason as of mid-May, compared with 1.8 percent of all doctors registered in Kentucky. Officials acknowledge other rogue doctors may be operating under the radar, since they only come to the board’s attention through complaints — a system that limits the state's ability to crack down on them.
►Suboxone clinics can be lucrative for doctors and owners. Some only take cash for office visits. Some pay doctors by the patient, giving them an incentive to see as many as possible. Former Lexington doctor David Swan, whose license was revoked in February, said the clinic where he worked paid him $130 for each patient he saw, 'far more than I ever made in my life.'
►Kentucky's buprenorphine regulations require regular drug screens, pill counts and other measures to prevent medication abuse, but contain loopholes rogue doctors can exploit. Patients must participate in “behavioral modification” such as counseling or 12-step programs — but the rules don’t say how often, so it can vary from several times a week to less than once a month. And if patients fail drug screens, it’s up to doctors to use 'appropriate clinical reasoning' to support changes in treatment such as increased screening or more frequent visits. Rogue doctors sometimes make no changes.
►Doctors can prescribe buprenorphine with very little training — just an eight-hour course required nationally, which can be done online, and another 12 hours of continuing education every three years in Kentucky. Critics say this isn’t enough for well-meaning doctors to learn what they need to know, and makes it too easy for unscrupulous doctors to put up a shingle."

Suboxone has become more prevalent as medication-assisted treatment for addiction has become more common. The Obama administration increased the number of Suboxone patients a doctor can have to 275 from 100, and "In Kentucky, the amount of Suboxone dispensed statewide rose 28 percent in less than two years," Ungar reports.

Ashley Blanford
(C-J photo by Laura Ungar)

"Ashley Blanford of Bardstown, 28, said Suboxone simply worsened her addiction," Ungar writes. "After getting hooked on pain pills, she sought help at the cash-only Center for Behavioral Health in Elizabethtown. But when she saw other addicts selling Suboxone in the parking lot, she said she couldn’t resist joining them — which got her kicked out of care. Clinic system owner Brant Massman said his staff monitors parking lots closely, but can’t prevent every sale. And while patients can be dismissed for selling Suboxone, he said they’re referred to other clinics." Blanford told Ungar that she didn't recall getting a referral, and Suboxone "is just trading one drug for another."

A study at the University of Kentucky’s Center on Drug and Alcohol Research is looking at experiences with buprenorphine among addicts at The Healing Place, where Blanford is being treated. It "suggests that diverting and abusing the medicine are common," Ungar writes. "Of 1,674 addicts interviewed, 985 reported taking Suboxone at some point. Six percent said they got it only by legitimate prescription, 62 percent by illegal means and 32 percent both ways. Nearly eight in 10 who got it both ways admitted selling, trading or giving away what they were prescribed. More than three-quarters admitted mixing Suboxone with other drugs or alcohol to get high."

Study finds no link between tighter controls on prescription opioids and increased use of heroin; some researchers disagree

National overdose-death rates for heroin (red) and prescription opioids (blue)

By Al Cross
Kentucky Health News

Soon after Kentucky cracked down on "pill mills" where prescription painkillers were easily available, officials noticed a jump in heroin arrests and overdoses, and many presumed that one helped lead to the other. A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found no link between the two, at least on a national scale, but some other experts disagree.

The study was conducted by physician William Compton of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, pharmacy Dr. Christopher Jones of the Department for Health and Human Services and public-health specialist Grant Baldwin of the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

They wrote, "It appears that the shift toward heroin use among some non-medical users of prescription opioids was occurring before the recent policy focus on prescription-opioid abuse took hold." They note that heroin use began to increase by 2007, and that a pill-mill crackdown in Florida, similar to Kentucky's, was followed by only a small increase in heroin overdoses.

"The results of these studies consistently suggest that the transition to heroin use was occurring before most of these policies were enacted, and such policies do not appear to have directly led to the overall increases in the rates of heroin use," the researchers wrote. "Although the majority of current heroin users report having used prescription opioids non-medically before they initiated heroin use, heroin use among people who use prescription opioids for non-medical reasons is rare, and the transition to heroin use appears to occur at a low rate."

They said the shift from prescription opioids to heroin is most prevalent among "persons with frequent non-medical use and those with prescription opioid abuse or dependence," and is driven mainly by cheaper, purer and more accessible heroin.

Those conclusions drew a letter to the journal from researchers who have concluded otherwise. Theodore Cicero and Matthew Ellis of the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis wrote, "A growing body of research has shown direct associations between the introduction of reformulated OxyContin and increases in rates of heroin use." The reformulated drug was much harder to inject; the federal researchers looked at the possible effect of the change and discounted it.

The critics didn't mention state crackdowns, but wrote, "It would be unwise for the agencies that the authors represent to ignore unanticipated negative aspects of efforts to limit supply, such as a shift to heroin in some persons, even if they represent a small part of the total heroin problem."

The federal researchers concluded their report with lines few could disagree with: "Fundamentally, prescription opioids and heroin are each elements of a larger epidemic of opioid-related disorders and death. Viewing them from a unified perspective is essential to improving public health. The perniciousness of this epidemic requires a multi-pronged interventional approach that engages all sectors of society."

"The last sentence is the most important," said Van Ingram, director of the Kentucky Office of Drug Control Policy. "Prescribing regulations are more about slowing the creation of new people obtaining an opioid-use disorder. If we keep prescribing at the same rates this country has been this problem never gets solved."

Kentucky is cracking down on Suboxone, a heroin substitute that has become a big part of the illegal trade in painkillers

A drug that was supposed to help people get off heroin has "created a new cash-for-pills market and a street trade" that state officials are trying to stop, Mary Meehan reports for the Lexington Herald-Leader.

The drug is buprenorphine, the active ingredient in the brand-name drugs Suboxone and Subutex, which became more popular in 2012, when the state cracked down on "pill mills" that were freely handing out prescriptions for painkillers. "A lot of the pill mills morphed into facilities that dispense these prescriptions," Dr. John Langefeld, medical director for the state's Medicaid program, told Meehan.

Also, Meehan writes, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act required insurance plans to cover treatment for substance abuse, and "as more Medicaid patients and others got health-insurance coverage, more people obtained prescriptions for buprenorphine, Langefeld said. . . . According to a state report, one user obtained prescriptions from nine doctors."

Read more here: http://www.kentucky.com/2015/06/20/3910362_the-drug-that-was-supposed-to.html?rh=1#storylink=cpy

Read more here: http://www.kentucky.com/2015/06/20/3910362_the-drug-that-was-supposed-to.html?rh=1#storylink=cpy

Lexington Herald-Leader chart by Chris Ware from state data

Use of the drug in Kentucky "has increased 241 percent since 2012," Meehan reports. "And 80 percent of the prescriptions for it were being written by 20 percent of the state's 470 certified prescribers, said Dr. Allen Brenzel, medical director of the state's Department of Behavioral Health. . . . Since 2011, 10 doctors have been sanctioned by the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure because of problems prescribing Suboxone."

Suboxone is supposed to be taken in conjunction with therapy and drug testing. "a patient receives a controlled dose of a legal drug as the dose is tapered by a physician for a safe and effective withdrawal," Meehan notes. However, "doctors started to see Suboxone patients on a cash basis, asking for as much as $300 for an office visit that included a prescription for the maximum allowable amount of Suboxone. Patients often received no therapy or drug testing. Some patients were on the maximum dose indefinitely, Brenzel said." Some doctors prescribed the drug with other painkillers, creating an illegal market.

To prevent such abuse by unscrupulous doctors, the medical-licensure board has issued regulations that require "more physician education and the requirement that the drug be prescribed only for medically supervised withdrawal and not be given to pregnant women," Meehan writes. "Patients should also be closely monitored and drug tested. If those rules are not followed, a doctor can face sanctions or restrictions to his medical license."

Suboxone was in the national news recently because the accused killer in the Charleston, S.C., shootings was arrested for illegal possession of it four months ago at a South Carolina shopping mall, the Herald-Leader notes.

Read more here: http://www.kentucky.com/2015/06/20/3910362_the-drug-that-was-supposed-to.html?rh=1#storylink=cpy

Read more here: http://www.kentucky.com/2015/06/20/3910362_the-drug-that-was-supposed-to.html?rh=1#storylink=cpy

Paducah Sun looks at two local doctors who write many prescriptions for painkillers; such local data are easily available

The Paducah Sun has used some easily available information about two local doctors to shine a local light on their heavy prescribing of opioids.

The story by Laurel Black begins, "As narcotic painkiller abuse has drawn more public attention, two Paducah physicians – who have been ranked high among prescribers of such drugs – have found themselves defending their practices."

The story cites The Courier-Journal's analysis of 2012 Medicare data that showed Dr. Yogesh Malla of Paducah was "the No. 3 prescriber of narcotic painkillers in the commonwealth. A USA Today article listed Dr. Riley Love, also of Paducah, as 20th in the nation. Both reports used information the news organization ProPublica obtained under the Freedom of Information Act."

The Sun offers a quick retort from the medical director of the pain-management center where Malla practices, paraphrasung him as saying "the reports omit or minimize important factors, such as the specialty of the physicians and the morphine equivalence of the drugs they prescribe."

Dr. Laxmaiah Manchikanti also said in his written statement that his group emphasizes drugs with lower abuse potential and that more than 92 percent of patients at such centers "are already on long-term opioids; consequently, the best we can do (at these centers) is reduce the dosage."

Manchikani is CEO of the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, a lobbying group that advocates monitoring of painlkiller prescriptions, and a leading contributor to a wde range of political causes. The Sun doesn't note the latter point, but focuses on the issues of painkiller abuse, a major problem in Kentucky.

"With more than 1,000 deaths per year, Kentucky in 2013 had the third-highest drug overdose mortality rate in the United States, according to the Trust for America's Health," Black notes.

As for the other doctor, the Sun reports, "ProPublica's data on Love, who practices at the Lourdes Pain Management Center, reports that 59 percent of his 1,141 patients filled one or more prescriptions for a Schedule 2 drug and 51 percent filled for a Schedule 3 drug. Both figures are above the average of 45 percent and 41 percent, respectively, for his specialty in Kentucky.

"A spokeswoman for Love said Lourdes center represents the only location in the region where Medicaid patients receive inpatient pain consultations," the Sun reports, quoting her: "The patients we see are often very sick, and the treatments and medications we provide are the last resort comfort measures so the patients can spend quality time with family" as they near death.

The story is behind the Sun's paywall.

New rule allows Medicare to drop doctors for irresponsible prescribing

Medicare physicians who prescribe drugs in abusive ways can now be expelled by the federal government, Charles Ornstein reports for ProPublica.

This increased oversight of Medicare Part D prescribers could help decrease the availability of prescription drugs to abusers in Kentucky. More than 1,000 Kentuckians die each year from prescription drug overdoses, and the state has the third-highest overdose death rate in the nation.

Opoids, which are often found in pain medicine, are the most commonly abused prescription drugs, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Hydrocodone, an opoid, is the most commonly prescribed controlled substance in Kentucky, according to the Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting (KASPER) system, and is also the most prescribed drug in Part D program, according to ProPublica's Prescriber Checkup, a tool that compares physicians' prescribing patterns among specialties and states.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services proposed the new rule after ProPublica documented "how Medicare's failure to oversee Part D effectively had enabled doctors to prescribe inappropriate or risky medications, had led to the waste of billions of dollars on needlessly expensive drugs and had exposed the program to rampant fraud," Ornstein writes.

Part D covers 37.5 million seniors and disabled patients, and one in every four prescriptions in the U.S. is paid for by Medicare, costing taxpayers $62 billion in 2012, and experts have complained that Medicare is more interested in providing drugs to patients than in targeting problem prescribers, Ornstein notes. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' inspector general has called for tighter controls.

The new rule allows Medicare to drop doctors "if it finds their prescribing abusive, a threat to public safety or in violation of Medicare rules," or if their Drug Enforcement Administration registration certificates are suspended or revoked, Ornstein writes. Problem providers will be identified by prescribing data, disciplinary actions, malpractice lawsuits and other information.

Opponents of the rule have called its definition of "abusive" prescribing too vague. Some worry that patients will lose access to necessary medication if their doctor is removed from the program, Ornstein writes. Medicare officials said they intend to expel providers only in "very limited and exceptional circumstances," saying "It will become clear to honest and legitimate prescribers . . . that our focus is restricted to cases of improper prescribing that are so egregious that the physician or practitioner's removal from the Medicare program is needed to protect Medicare beneficiaries."

The new rule also allows the Medicare center to "compel health care providers to enroll in Medicare to order medications for patients covered by its drug program, known as Part D," Ornstein writes. Now, doctors not enrolled in Medicare can prescribe for Part D patients; they will have to enroll or opt out of the program by June 1, 2015.

The doctors most affected by this will be dentists and Department of Veterans Affairs physicians who provide services not covered by Medicare but have patients who fill prescriptions covered by the program, Ornstein notes. Most health providers are already enrolled. (Read more)

More treatment needed to deal with painkiller abuse, expert witness tells Senate caucus; McConnell says jail helps, too

Addiction to prescription painkillers, and increased addiction to heroin by people originally hooked on prescription medicine, is "a public health disaster of catastrophic proportions" that "was caused by the medical community," the chief medical officer of a New York drug-treatment program said at a U.S. Senate hearing Wednesday.

"The medical community, including dentists, must prescribe more cautiously," Dr. Andrew Kolodny of Phoenix House told the U.S. Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control. In areas where abuse is rampant, "Treatment capacity does not come close to meeting demand," he said. "If we don't rapidly expand access to treatment, the outlook is grim." He also called for better education of physicians about the risks of prescribing painkillers.

Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky attended the first several minutes of the hearing and read a statement calling for the problem to be attacked by a combination of treatment and incarceration, with the use of multi-agency partnerships. He also said, "It's clear that the increase in heroin addiction is tied to our fight against prescription drug abuse."

Part of that fight included requiring Kentucky doctors to participate in the state's prescription-drug monitoring program, which Kolodny said made the state one of only three with such a requirement. The others are New York and Tennessee.

Officials have said that when Kentucky cracked down on disreputable "pill mill" pain clinics, making prescriptions harder to get, addicts turned to heroin. "Heroin is just a symbol for the prescription-drug problem," Joseph Rannazzisi, deputy assistant administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration, told the senators.

Rannazzisi said the largely successful effort against pill mills in Florida has driven them to Georgia and Tennessee. He said Tennessee has 300 pain clinics. "They're moving north and west," he said. "Regulatory boards in the states need to take control."

Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California, the Democratic co-chair of the caucus, said the testimony made prescription-painkiller and heroin abuse seem worse than the drug problems she dealt with as mayor of San Francisco in the 1980s. "Nothing like today," she said. "I am really struck."

Legislature sends fix of last year's pill-mill bill to Beshear

"After more than a year of debate, a bill that would revamp Kentucky’s prescription-drug law to more strictly focus on pill abuse and ease requirements on patients is heading to the governor’s desk," Mike Wynn reports for The Courier-Journal. On a 36-0 vote, the Senate sent House Bill 217 to Gov. Steve Beshear, who said he will sign it tomorrow.

The chief lobbyist for the Kentucky Medical Association said the physicians' group did not get all the changes it requested in last year's law but is satisfied with the bill. It "would exempt hospitals and long-term care facilities from many of the requirements that doctors must follow before prescribing drugs," Wynn writes. "It also creates a 14-day exemption for surgery patients and gives doctors more discretion in examining patients before a prescription is given." (Read more)

House sends Senate pill-mill and Medicaid managed-care fixes

The state House yesterday approved without dissent two bills aimed at improving Kentucky's health care.

House Bill 217 addresses some "unintended consequences" of last year's "pill mill bill" by easing some of the bills regualtions. The bill also tightens restricitions on prescription drugs, reports Ryan Alessi of cn|2.

The other measure, House Bill 5, deals with payment problems of the Medicaid managed care system. Itl would apply the prompt-payment laws to managed-care organizations and would move Medicaid late-payment complaints and disputes to the insurance department; those are now handled by the Cabinet for Health and Family Services, which administers Medicaid.

Both bills are expected to see action in the Senate.

House panel approves bill easing rules of 2012's pill-mill bill

They could call it the pill they're taking to fix the pill-mill bill.

A state House committee approved a bill Tuesday that would tweak last year's legislation aimed at cracking down on prescription drug abuse through doctor shopping and "pill mills" where painkiller prescriptions are easily available for a fee.

House Speaker Greg Stumbo told the House Judiciary Committee that House Bill 217 would fix “unintended consequences” of 2012's House Bill 1 while still requiring that health-care providers use the Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting system to track painkiller prescriptions.

The bill "would exempt hospitals and long-term care facilities from HB 1’s per-unit patient dosing restrictions and ensure that physicians decide when physicals are needed," the Kentucky Press News Service reported. "It would limit restricted access to narcotic pain medication for surgery patients, end-of-life patients, cancer patients and a few other categories of patients who may need increased pain management, Stumbo said." (Read more)

Beshear calls for action to improve state's health, but says only that 'It's time for us to begin looking seriously' at a smoking ban

By Al Cross
Kentucky Health News

His priorities were education and tax reform, but Gov. Steve Beshear mentioned several health issues in his State of the Commonwealth speech tonight to a joint session of the General Assembly.

Beshear called for action to correct the state's "fundamental weaknesses," including "a population whose health ranks among the worst in the nation." Near the end of his speech, he said, "We need to continue improving the health of our people," but after about a minute of discussing tobacco and smoking he stopped short of endorsing a statewide ban on smoking in the workplace. (KET photo)

"It's time for us to begin looking seriously at doing this on a statewide level," he said to some applause, after noting that nearly half of Kentuckians live in jurisdictions where smoking is legally restricted, that the state has the highest or next-to-highest smoking rate overall and among teens and pregnant women, and that "Our smoking-related mortality rate is the worst in the nation. . . . Our addiction hurts productivity, jacks up health care costs and kills our people."

Beshear called for improving prenatal care and newborn screening, and for minor improvements in last year's bill to fight prescription drug abuse. He said the bill has caused a precipitous drop in abuse of prescription painkillers. "Kentucky at one time had the sixth highest rate in the nation, but . . . we improved 24 spots," he said. "Nearly half of the state's known pain management clinics have closed rather than submit to new rules that protect patients." He said use of the Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting system "has increased nearly seven-fold . . . and prescriptions for some of the most abused drugs have dropped up to 14 percent from a year ago."

However, the problem of babies becoming addicted to drugs in their addicted mothers' wombs has skyrocketed in the last decade or so, Beshear said: "In 2000, reports showed 29 babies in Kentucky born addicted to drugs. But in 2011, there were 730 babies – more than 25 times as many. And that figure is thought to be under-reported." He did not say how he wants to improve screening.

Beshear did not mention perhaps the biggest health policy question facing the commonwealth, whether to use federal subsidies to expand the Medicaid program to people in households earning up to 138 percent of the federal poverty threshold. Now the program covers people in households earning up to 70 percent of the poverty line. The federal government would pay all the cost of the additional enrollees through 2016, when the state would start picking up part of the tab, up to 20 percent in 2020.

Some Republicans say the state can't afford the expansion, while some Democrats say it would be a good long-term investment in the state's health and economy. Beshear has said he wants to do it if the commonwealth can afford it, and expects to get cost estimates around the end of March -- about the time the legislature must adjourn.

For a PDF of the speech text, click here. For an audio recording, go here. For video from KET, here.

Cheaper heroin showing up in Eastern Kentucky as crackdown on pain pills makes that trade less attractive

About 60 grams of heroin, worth about
$8,000. (AP photo)

It was only few months ago that Northern Kentucky law enforcement officers and substance abuse clinics began expressing grave concern that heroin was fast becoming the go-to drug in their region. Today, there are signs that the drug is already moving swiftly east, into the already drug-ravaged mountains of Eastern Kentucky. The reason for the uptick in heroin use? Because pain pills aren't as available anymore.

Federal and state law enforcement have been cracking down on the prescription pain-pill drug trade for years in these parts. They've created electronic prescription-tracking systems, staked out pain management clinics and shut down a drug pipeline that starts in Florida. Some argue that last year's passage of House Bill 1 has discouraged even legitimate doctors from prescribing pain drugs. All these things make heroin usage an unintended consequence of their success, officials fear.

 "There's always some type of drug to step up when another gets taken out," Dan Smoot, law enforcement director of Operation UNITE, which handles drug investigations in 29 Eastern Kentucky counties, told Brett Barrouquere of The Associated Press. "We didn't know it was going to be heroin. We knew something was going to replace pills."

Officials say the heroin is trafficked from Mexico into the U.S., where it first goes to Illinois, Michigan and Ohio. Northern Kentucky counties have been the epicenter of heroin abuse in the state, but law enforcement officials in Louisville, Lexington and Appalachian counties are reporting "a dramatic rise in the number of arrests and seizures related" to heroin. Kentucky State Police seized 11 doses of heroin and other opiates in 2008 in the eastern half of the state; they have seized 395 doses there so far this year.

Users are attracted to heroin's low cost compared to pain pills, Barrouquere reports. A single oxycodone pill can cost from $80 to $100, but heroin can cost as little as $15 to $20 for an amount that will produce the same level of intoxication as one pain pill for 24 hours, Kentucky Office of Drug Control Policy Director Van Ingram said. (Read more)

Medical licensure board changing rules to focus more on painkillers; fewer urine tests for patients, fewer reports for doctors

Patients in long-term treatment with controlled substances won't have to have their urine tested for drugs unless they are on painkillers, and doctors will have wide discretion over how often to do the tests, under new rules being drafted by the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure.

That is just one example of the changes that the board is making in regulations authorized by the "pill mill bill" the General Assembly passed this year, reports Mike Wynn of The Courier-Journal. Other changes will put more focus on medicines with the painkiller hydrocodone and exempt some medicines that have only small amounts of painkillers.

"While the bill focused largely on pain pills, the board’s regulations covered a wider range of medications, including the sleep aid Ambien and the anti-anxiety drug Xanax," Wynn notes. "The regulations also called on doctors to perform a much broader array of administrative tasks to determine the appropriateness of prescriptions and a patient’s risk for abuse or diversion." Now they will have to do less, making follow-up reports to the state drug-tracking system only when prescribing painkillers.

The board's director, Michael Rodman, told Wynn it is responding to complaints by physicians and lobbying interests who say the the rules are too complex and go too far. The board filed the new rules last month for approval by legislative committees, but says it is already using them to make enforcement decisions. House Speaker Greg Stumbo, who sponsored the bill, has endorsed the changes.

The doctors' lobby, the Kentucky Medical Association, has voiced its pleasure with the changes but says others are needed, such as parts of the law that require specific medical practices such as standards for prescribing. (Read more)

State officials appear to be overstating successes of new prescription-drug law, The Courier-Journal reports

There's new criticism from Kentucky's doctors in an analysis of the state's four-month old prescription drug law, showing that a lot of what state officials have touted as the law's successes were already in the works before the law went into effect.

The Courier-Journal of Louisville reviewed state records after Gov. Steve Beshear released figures last month that showed the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure had disciplined 33 physicians for violating professional prescription standards. Reporter Mike Wynn writes that he "found that 16 of the cases were resolved before the new law took effect on July 20, and 13 others involved investigations or actions that were well under way before the law’s implementation. The administration also reported last month that 18 of the 44 known pain-management clinics in Kentucky have closed or discontinued pain management services, including 10 after House Bill 1. Still, state records are unclear if all the clinics were suspected of illegal prescribing."

“They’ve taken a situation that required a scalpel to cut out the disease and instead they have used a machete,” Gregory Hood, governor of the Kentucky chapter of the American College of Physicians, told Wynn.

Beshear's announcement last month about the bill's almost overnight success also included crediting it for drops in prescriptions being written for pain killers, most notably for oxymorphone, which had a 38 percent falloff.  But, writes Wynn, "Critics of the law say that at least part of those declines are due to doctors denying needed prescriptions to patients because of problems with HB 1." Experts told the paper that oxymorphone, commonly prescribed as Opana, was not readily available in the market during the applicable period because of a reformulation by its manufacturer. (Read more)

Democratic ads accuse Republicans of supporting pill mills by voting against bill that all agree needs work

A bipartisan group of Kentucky lawmakers are looking ahead to fixing the much complained about "unintended consequences" of last spring's hastily passed bill aimed at curbing prescription drug abuse. Still, the House Democratic Caucus Committee has paid for political ads criticizing at least three Republican House members for not supporting the measure though they may have raised concerns about the very issues that now need legislative surgery.

Ryan Alessi of cn|2's "Pure Politics" reports that Rep. Mike Harmon of Boyle County and Rep. David Floyd of Bardstown are being targeted for not supporting the expansion of the use of the prescription monitoring system, KASPER, and requiring pain clinics to be run by physicians. Rep. Kim King of Harrodsburg has also been targeted; there may be othesr. Here is the ad:

Republican Floor Jeff Hoover of Jamestown, a supporter of HB 1, told Alessi that that need for changes in the bill now "vindicates lawmakers like Floyd and Harmon, who raised questions about whether the law would be overly restrictive for law abiding Kentuckians." (Read more, see more videos)

Board of Medical Licensure to amend pill-mill regulations to address concerns of doctors and some patients

The Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure wants to change some of the more controversial requirements for urine screenings and digital monitoring in the state’s new prescription-drug regulations under the law aimed at fighting doctor shopping and "pill mills" that dispense painkillers indiscriminately.

Mike Wynn of The Courier-Journal reports that Dr. Preston Nunnelley, the board’s president, told state lawmakers Wednesday that the board plans to submit amendments to the regulations by Nov. 1 to address the concerns of doctors that the new law is proving too burdensome, and because patients are being charged for urine tests that insurance companies are refusing to cover. Nunnelley said the amendments would provide more flexibility on when patients must receive those screenings. He said "chronic pain patients would not face regular screenings unless they are considered high risk for abuse or diversion," Wynn reports. "The amendments are also likely to exempt certain patients, such as children, from checks through the Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting system, or KASPER, he said."

Nunnelley called the changes “tune-ups." “This is a new experience for the board of licensure,” he testified. “This is the first time we’ve done anything on this scale and obviously we didn’t do it perfect.” Or perfectly. (Read more)

Governor lauds HB 1 for closing 10 of the state's worst pain clinics, reducing the number of controlled-substance prescriptions

Gov. Steve Beshear gave credit this week to House Bill 1 for reducing the number of prescriptions written for frequently abused controlled substances and for closing the doors on 10 of the state's worst pain-management clinics. He also said the bill had promoted investigations into what he called "suspicious prescribing practices." Beshear, in a prepared statement, said: "We knew that this bill would have an immediate impact on thwarting the abuse and diversion of prescription drugs in our state, and the statistics over the last few months are already showing progress."

The governor also noted that Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting (KASPER) accounts have increased from 7,911 in April to 21,542 in October. Account users are physicians, dentists, optometrists, advances practice nurses and podiatrists who then use those accounts to check on the drug records of patients daily. Beshear, responding to frequent criticism that the reporting of KASPER results is time-consuming, remarked that "the vast majority of those requests are processed in less than 15 seconds."
 
John Cheves of the Lexington Herald-Leader also reported that state regulators said this week that "they're working with private insurance companies and Medicaid managers to make sure health insurance plans help cover the cost of urine tests required under HB 1." Cheves had written earlier about consumer complaints that the costs of those tests, now required by the bill, were being borne by the patient. The
Kentucky Department of Insurance is communicating with insurers to guarantee that urine tests under HB 1 are classified as a medically necessary expense, Insurance Commissioner Sharon Clark told Cheves. The Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services is doing the same for Medicaid clients.
(Read more)

Doctor complaints about bill aimed at reducing prescription drug abuse largely based on misconceptions, health officials say

State health officials say doctors' complaints about House Bill 1, which cracks down on pill mills and doctors who supply the illegal prescription pill trade, result from misunderstandings and misconceptions about the law's language and intent, Mike Wynn of The Courier-Journal reports. Doctors say the bill's regulations are excessive and restrict their ability to write common prescriptions.

Assistant deputy inspector general Stephanie Hold, of the Cabinet for Health and Family Services, said doctors have at least 19 misconceptions about the state's drug tracking system, Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting, and said checking KASPER before writing prescriptions "should not impede them in any way," Wynn reports. Mike Rodman, director of the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure, said there's nothing in the law that prevents doctors from prescribing controlled substances. He said many doctors have for years practiced prescription standards similar to those in the bill, but feel uncomfortable with them being written as law.

The co-chair of the state oversight committee, Democratic Rep. John Tilley, said there are some legitimate concerns about the bill "that need discussion after we can distill what is fact and what is myth," but lawmakers could likely address all of them without changing the statute. (Read more)

In wake of pill-mill regulation fight, Beshear has chance to craft a medical licensing board more to his liking

Gov. Steve Beshear

Gov. Steve Beshear is in a position to reshape a state medical board that has played a central and controversial role in recent efforts to crack down on prescription drug abuse. Mike Wynn of The Courier-Journal  reports that the terms of three members of the Kentucky Medical Licensure Board expired Aug. 31, and two other members’ terms await action after ending last year.

The licensure board drew criticism in 2011 "for not taking more aggressive action against so-called pill mills and corrupt doctors who supply Kentucky’s drug epidemic," Wynn writes. "The medical industry also has criticized the board in recent months for writing what doctors view as overly complex and excessive prescription regulations under HB 1, a landmark bill from the 2012 General Assembly that takes aim at abuse of drugs."

Beshear spokeswoman Kerri Richardson said the appointments are under review but did not indicate how the governor might proceed other than noting that he will consider qualifications and recommendations. Current board members serve until Beshear makes any new appointments. (Read more)

Comprehensive series looks at new angle of prescription pain pill epidemic: addicted newborns

The Courier-Journal's health reporter, Laura Ungar, is again delving into the prescription pain-pill epidemic in Kentucky, this time focusing on babies who are born addicted. For any reporter interested in writing stories about prescription pill addiction and the scope of the problem — stories that could be localized in every county in the state — Ungar's award-winning work is the place to start researching.

In a four-page piece, Ungar looks at:
• the limited options available to addicted moms
• the lack of funding available to fix the problem
• what to do for loved ones with a prescription drug problem
• the causes, symptoms and treatment for newborn addicts

There are also links to more recent stories pertaining to the issue here.

Ungar found hospitalizations for addicted newborns increased from 29 in 2000 to 730 last year, when there was a big jump. "It's a silent epidemic that's going on out there," said Audrey Tayse Haynes, secretary of the state Cabinet for Health and Family Services. "You need to say: 'Stop the madness. This is too much.'"

Nurse Tonya Anderson, an infant development/touch therapist at Kosair Children's Hospital, said she's seen as many as 14 of 26 babies in the special-care nursery where she works suffer from symptoms of withdrawal. "They are just agitated," she said. "They are screaming. They have tremors. Their faces — you have to grimace. They're in pain."

Those close to the problem say there is not enough treatment for addicts who are pregnant. But it's an investment worth making, Ungar suggests. One study showed the health-care costs for addicted newborns was $720 million in 2009, up from $190 million in 2000. Babies with addictions stay about 16.4 days in the hospital, which costs an average of $53,300 per infant. In 80 percent of those cases, Medicaid pays the bill.

Researchers estimate that more than 13,5000 babies were born addicted in 2009. "We knew that it was common, but we would not expect this problem would have tripled in the last decade," said Dr. Matthew Davis, an associate professor at the University of Michigan and one of the study's authors. "There are not many medical problems that have tripled in a decade — not obesity, not heart disease, not diabetes." (Read more)