Debunking myths, misconceptions and misinformation about sunscreens: no evidence they cause cancer, but they do expire

Photo illustration from M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

By Gina Van Thomme and Kellie Bramlet Blackburn

MD Anderson Cancer Center

Sunscreen is a hot topic – and not just because it’s a summertime staple!

There are also many myths and misconceptions surrounding sunscreen’s safety, effectiveness and usefulness.

So, if you’ve ever been confused about when – or if! – to use sunscreen, you’re not alone.

We asked MD Anderson Cancer Center dermatologist Anisha Patel about common sunscreen myths. Read on for her answers.

Myth 1: All sunscreens work the same way.
False. Sunscreens can prevent sunburn in different ways:

• Chemical sunscreens: The active ingredients in chemical sunscreens absorb ultraviolet (UV) rays as they hit the skin, Patel explains.
• Physical blocker sunscreens: Physical sunscreens, which are also called mineral sunscreens or sun blocks, use ingredients such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide to form a barrier on the skin’s surface that reflects UV rays.

Not sure whether to use a chemical or physical sunscreen? Hybrid sunscreens contain both chemical absorbers and physical blockers.

When selecting a sunscreen, Anderson dermatologists recommend choosing a broad-spectrum product with at least sun protection factor (SPF) 30. 'Broad spectrum' means the product protects from both UVA and UVB rays which can lead to sun damage and skin cancer. SPF refers to the amount of UVB rays it blocks.

Myth 2: It doesn’t matter what kind of sunscreen I choose.
False. While wearing sunscreen is always a good choice, each type of sunscreen has instructions that must be followed to ensure your skin is protected.

Sunscreen comes in formats including cream, lotion, spray, powder and stick.

Each type of sunscreen has benefits and limitations. For example, many spray sunscreens are clear and absorb into the skin quickly, but this feature can make it challenging to see if you’ve missed a spot.

Overwhelmed by options? Anderson dermatologists recommend physical blocker sunscreens. Patel says this is because they have the broadest range of UVA and UVB protection.

Whatever type of sunscreen you choose, always review its instructions for information on how – and how frequently – to apply and reapply.

Myth 3: Sunscreen causes cancer.
False. There is no medical evidence that sunscreen causes cancer. However, there is a lot of evidence that UV rays from the sun and tanning beds do.

In the past, some sunscreens were recalled for being contaminated with a chemical called benzene. Benzene is not normally found in sunscreen. This recall doesn’t mean you should stop wearing sunscreen, dermatologists say.

Still, some may feel more comfortable using sunscreens that don't absorb into the skin – that is, those physical blockers sunscreens described above.

Additionally, sunscreen isn’t the only way you can practice sun safety. “There are a lot of sun protective options outside of just the creams and sprays,” Patel says.

Other ways to protect yourself from sun damage include:

• Wearing protective clothing that is dark and tightly woven, with ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) 50+
• Wearing a wide-brimmed hat
• Wearing sunglasses with UVA and UVB protection
• Seeking shade between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when sun rays are strongest

Myth 4: I have dark skin. I don’t need to wear sunscreen.
False. Dark skin is susceptible to sun damage.

It takes more sun exposure for darker skin types to get sun damage, Patel says. She explains this is because melanin, which gives skin its color, provides DNA with a small amount of sun protection. Still, this small amount of protection doesn’t prevent sun damage altogether.

“Darker-skinned people can still get a sunburn, still get skin cancers and definitely still get photoaging from UV exposure,” Patel says.

Regardless of your skin color, apply sunscreen liberally 30 minutes before going out in the sun, and don’t forget to reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating.

Myth 5: My sunscreen is waterproof, so I don’t need to reapply it after swimming or sweating.
False. According to the Food and Drug Administration, there is no such thing as waterproof sunscreen.

There is, however, water-resistant sunscreen. The FDA says these products offer water-resistant sun protection according to the time and SPF level specified on each product.

Heading for a beach day or outdoor workout? Choose a water-resistant sunscreen and follow the product instructions on how often to reapply.

 
Myth 6: My sunscreen is SPF 50, so I don’t need to apply it as often.
False. No matter the SPF number, chemical absorber sunscreens only work for about two hours and should be reapplied after swimming or sweating.

Regardless of the SPF level you choose, you need to reapply with the same frequency, Patel says.

If you have trouble remembering to reapply, Patel suggests using a physical blocker sunscreen. These products don’t rub in or disappear into the skin, so it is easy to determine when to reapply.

“If you can see the white on your face, it's still working,” she says.

Myth 7: There is SPF in my makeup. I don’t need to wear sunscreen.
False. While Patel says that sunscreen in makeup counts, it usually doesn’t provide the recommended SPF levels.

“It's typically only 5 to 15 SPF, and we recommend 30,” she says.

Check that your makeup offers at least 30 SPF, and supplement with additional sunscreen as needed. Finally, don’t forget to apply sunscreen to other exposed areas of your body, and make sure you reapply sunscreen as directed throughout the day.

Myth 8: I only need sunscreen when it is sunny.
False. Sunburn and sun damage may be associated with hot, sunny weather, but they can also occur in cold, cloudy conditions.

“Even when it's cold, sun is getting through the clouds,” Patel says.

While clouds filter some UVB rays, they don’t block UVA rays which are a risk factor for melanoma, she adds.

So even if it’s cloudy or cold, you need to apply your sunscreen the same way you would if it were a warm sunny day.

Myth 9: Sunscreen doesn’t expire.
False. “You cannot rely on expired sunscreen,” Patel says. “Nothing bad is going to happen if you use an expired one in terms of increased toxicity. It just won't work.”

It is also important to store sunscreen properly. Specific storage instructions can be found in the product’s ‘Drug Facts’ section.

For example, if you store your sunscreen in a hot car or in direct sunlight, Patel says the product could degrade earlier than its expiration date.

"You have to look at the storage recommendations. Sunscreen will only last until the expiration date if you keep it within those temperature ranges," she says. "If you go outside of those temperature ranges, the molecules that are protecting your skin will degrade faster.”

Have a sun-safe summer by protecting your skin; here's how

Photo by RawPixel / iStock / Getty Images Plus

By Dr. John D'Orazio

University of Kentucky

Spending time outside in the summer is a great way to stay active, reduce stress and get vitamin D. It’s also important to make sure your skin is protected during your time outdoors.

Too much sun can cause skin cancer — the most common cancer in the U.S.  Most skin cancers are caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet light, which can damage skin cells.

Protecting your skin from UV rays is important all year long and not just during the summer. You can also be exposed to UV rays on cloudy or cool days.

Here are steps you can take to protect your skin from the sun:

Sunscreen: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen that filters out two types of UV rays: UVA and UVB. It should also have a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher. Put a thick layer of sunscreen everywhere that will be exposed to the sun at least 20 minutes before going outside.

It’s also important to reapply your sunscreen because it does wear off. If you’re out in the sun for more than two hours or swimming, sweating or toweling off, you need to reapply.

Make sure your sunscreen isn’t expired. It’s shelf life is no more than three years and shorter if it’s been exposed to high temperatures.

Sunglasses: In addition to protecting your eyes from UV rays, sunglasses also protect the more delicate skin around your eyes from sun exposure. Most sunglasses sold in the U.S. block both UVA and UVB rays.

Hats and clothing: Hats with a brim all the way around that shades your face, ears and the back of your neck offer the most protection. Canvas works best and you should avoid straw hats that let too much sunlight through. If you wear a baseball hat, you should also protect your ears and the back of your neck with clothing, sunscreen or staying in the shade.

Long-sleeved shirts and long pants and skirts can also provide you some protection from UV rays. Clothing made from tightly woven fabric offers the best protection as well as darker colors.

Shade: You still need to wear sunscreen or protective clothing even when hanging out in the shade. Staying under an umbrella, tree or other covering can help you reduce your risk of sun damage and skin cancer. Taking breaks in shaded areas is also key on long days outside.

Other ways to stay sun safe include planning activities in the morning or late afternoon to avoid the most exposure to the sun.

Sunburn: A sunburn usually shows up four hours after being exposed to the sun, gets worse for about 24 hours and then fades in three to five days.

Treatment: You can take an over-the-counter pain reliever to help with the pain of a sunburn. A cool, wet cloth can also offer relief as well as applying aloe or moisturizer. It’s important to drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.

If you have blisters, don’t break them. Lightly bandage the area to prevent infection. If more than 15% of your body is sunburned, you’re in pain for more than 48 hours or have a fever of above 101 degrees, seek medical attention.

If you’re sunburned, avoid more time in the sun until your skin has healed.

John D’Orazio, M.D., Ph.D., is division chief for pediatric oncology, hematology and oncology at UK HealthCare and researches skin cancer at the UK Markey Cancer Center.

As summer arrives, here are tips to protect your skin from the sun

Photo from OJO Images via iStock//Getty Images

By Dr. John D’Orazio

University of Kentucky

As the days get longer and the weather gets warmer, many of us will start spending more time outdoors. Whether you’re planning a beach vacation, gardening, or watching your kids’ baseball games, make sure you take steps to protect yourself and your loved ones from skin cancer.

The three most common forms of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Basal and squamous cell carcinomas form on the outermost layer of the skin and are caused by long-term or frequent heavy exposure to the sun.

Melanomas develop in the melanocytes of the skin — the cells that produce melanin and give your skin its color (and will darken and “tan” with exposure to sun). This type of skin cancer is the deadliest. It can be caused by bad sunburns, and those who regularly use tanning beds are also at greater risk for developing it. In fact, all three skin cancers can be caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun or tanning beds.

The best treatment for skin cancer is prevention, ideally beginning in youth and continuing throughout life. Even one bad sunburn during childhood can cause skin cancer issues years later. Here are some skin protection tips that will allow you to be as safe as possible while enjoying fun outdoor activities:

• Use sunscreen. Always use sunscreen before going out in the sun — make it a part of your daily routine. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen that has a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 at a minimum. Sunscreen should be reapplied every two hours when you’re outside, and apply more frequently if you’re swimming or even just sweating.
• Stay in the shade, if possible. This will help protect you from unnecessary exposure to excessive sunlight. However, be aware that the UV rays of sunlight can reflect off of bright surfaces — like concrete, sand and snow — and cause skin damage if you’re also not wearing sunscreen.
• Wear a hat and UV-protective clothing. Choose a hat that has a wide brim that shades your face, head, ears and neck. Rashguards are a good choice for children and active adults because they shield the skin from ultraviolet radiation.
• Wear sunglasses. Make sure they’re designed to block both UVA and UVB rays.
• Avoid the brightest time of day. Try timing your outdoor activities during off-peak hours if possible. UV rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.

Skin cancer can happen to anyone, regardless of skin color. Causes for concern include new spots on your skin, spots that appear different from others, or spots that persist or are changing, itching or bleeding. If you notice any unusual changes in your skin, make an appointment with a board-certified dermatologist.

Dr. Orazio is chief of the Division of Hematology/Oncology in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Kentucky, which provided this article.

How to use sunscreen to protect your skin, reduce cancer risk

Photo from Harris Dermatology

By Penn State Health

Summer has arrived and with it so have dreams of beach vacations, trips to the waterpark and outdoor activities. After months of winter’s colder temperatures, you’re ready to get outside in search of that warm feel of sun on your skin and the resulting “healthy glow.”

Sure, the sun feels good, but while everyone needs limited sun exposure to produce vitamin D to strengthen bones, unprotected exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays can damage skin and increase the risk for skin cancer.

But there’s no need to be a recluse, says Dr. Charlene Lam, a Penn State Health dermatologist. Just be smart about your time in the sun and protect your skin by taking a few preventive steps, including routinely using sunscreen.

How sunscreen keeps you safe

“It is not just the day out at the beach or waterpark when you need sunscreen, but every time you go out – when you get the mail, walk the dog – all of that exposure to the sun can add up to damage and lead to skin cancer, aging skin, dark spots and wrinkles,” she said. “Although there is no single method that protects you perfectly, there are different modalities we can be smart about and adopt into our lifestyle as daily habits.”

One is the regular use of sunscreen, which protects your skin by absorbing or reflecting the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays that damage skin cells.

“There are two types: UVB rays, which cause sunburn and play a key role in skin cancer, and UVA rays, which cause skin damage that leads to tanning, aging of skin and wrinkles,” Lam said. “That’s why it’s important to choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects you from both.”

She also recommends choosing a sunscreen with a sun protection factor – or SPF – of 30 or higher. Although high SPF sunscreens protect from burning for longer periods of time than those with lower SPF, they can give the user a false sense of security.

“Sometimes what I see are people who use an SPF 50 will stay in the sun longer and won’t reapply. They end up getting more sun damage, and it defeats the purpose,” Lam said. “If you use a 30, know that you need to reapply every two hours, more if you get wet or wipe it off.”

How to properly apply sunscreen

The best type of sunscreen is the one that you’ll use regularly. Whether you prefer a cream or an aerosol, there are a few tips when it comes to application that can make the difference in its effectiveness. In addition to applying it 30 minutes before you go outside, remember that coverage counts.

“The big thing is to make sure you are using enough. On average, an entire body requires about an ounce or shot glass full for full coverage. A nickel-sized dollop is required for the entire face alone,” Lam explained, adding that with a spray sunscreen, it is important to get an even sheen across the skin and to spread it out. “Typically, a family of four should use one four-ounce bottle per person for a day-long event.”

Don’t forget those sensitive areas, such as the top of your ears, back of the neck, the scalp along the part, tops of your feet and behind your knees.

All skin types deserve sunscreen

Despite what you may have heard, everybody can get sunburned, no matter what type of skin color they have. Men, women and children over six months should use sunscreen, including those who tan easily. The best defense is to use multiple modalities of sun protection, Lam said.

“Protective clothing, hats, sunglasses, avoiding mid-day sun from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m. and seeking shade are all good ways to protect yourself from the sun,” she said. “But shade isn’t a perfect shield. Some UV rays can still reach out, reflecting off water, sand, glass, concrete and snow.”

But protection from sunburn isn’t the most important reason to wear sunscreen.

“Your skin is damaged by sun exposure over your lifetime, not whether or not you burned. If you have skin, you can get skin cancer,” Lam said. “Once you burn, it is a clear indication that you’ve had too much sun. The burn will heal, but the damage is done. The thing is to learn from that burn, and make it your last.”

What are the best sunscreens for children? Los Angeles Children's Hospital has advice.

After receiving 600 public comments, health cabinet removes proposal to ban tattoos on scarred skin in updated regulation

By Melissa Patrick
Kentucky Health News

The state Cabinet for Health and Family Services has updated its requirements for tattoo studios in Kentucky, and they no longer prohibit tattoos on scarred skin, as first proposed.

WFPL photo

The cabinet said in a news release it had received more than 600 public comments on this proposal. In addition, WHAS-TV reported that almost 100 people from all over the state attended a public hearing about the issue May 28 in Frankfort.

"Based on comments received, we elected to remove the language relating to scar tissue," Dr. Jeff Howard, commissioner of the state health department, said in the release.

Opponents of the proposal have said there is no medical reason to ban such tattoos. Others have said such a ban is a violation of their civil rights, and there are already industry rules around this issue. Still others pointed out the many reasons people want to cover their scars, including cancer survivors who want to cover their mastectomy scars.

The state announced the original amendment to the regulation in April, which simply said "tattooing over scarred skin is prohibited." The proposal did not give any reason for adding this language; when asked about it, a cabinet spokesman said only that the proposal was made in an effort to update a regulation that hadn't been updated in 15 years.

In May, the health commissioner issued another release, saying the proposal to ban tattooing on scarred skin in the regulation "had some unintended consequences" and that the language regarding this issue would be addressed once the public comment period ended on May 31.

On Tuesday, July 16, the cabinet announced that the ban had been removed, citing a "a lack of available evidence to support this prohibition." It said the intent of the first revision was to prohibit the tattooing of freshly scarred skin, but "freshly" was left out.

Under the new rule, which next goes before the Administrative Regulation Review subcommittee, a person registering as a tattoo artist will have to complete training about blood-borne pathogens. The rules also outline a registration process for tattoo studios and increased fees to offset inspection cost.

The regulation also updates requirements for disinfecting and sterilizing equipment and adds a new rule to require a notarized statement of parental consent for a minor who is seeking a tattoo without a parent or legal guardian present.

Health cabinet says it will revise proposed rule that would have banned tattooing over scars, due to 'unintended consequences'

WFPL photo

After almost two weeks of mystery, speculation and complaints, the state Cabinet for Health and Family Services has explained in a news release why it wants to ban tattoos over scars, saying it wants to address "potential health issues of tattooing over unhealthy skin."

"The concerns are being heard," said the cabinet, which had declined to say why it had proposed the regulation. It offered a reason: "to address potential health issues of tattooing over unhealthy skin, including recent or healing scar tissue. Because of such potential risks, some states currently restrict tattooing of skin that has a rash, evidence of an infection, open lesions, or recent scar tissue."

The proposed regulation simply reads, "Tattooing of scarred skin is prohibited." That prompted complaints that it was written too broadly.

David Levine, a researcher and doctor at the Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, told Lisa Gillespie of Louisville's WFPL that he knew of no research that would warrant such a ban. “It probably should have been more specific to the reason that the skin was scarred in the first place,” he said. “There are people that are using cosmetic tattooing to actually reduce the appearance of scars.” Those include mastectomy patients.

Health Commissioner Jeffrey Howard said in the news release, "The specific language in the proposed regulation had some unintended consequences and will be addressed. We believe the final regulation will be improved by the comments we have received." The release said that would happen after the public comment period ends May 31.

Comments can be emailed to: CHFSregs@ky.gov. A public hearing on the regulation is scheduled for May 28 in Frankfort.

Mike Martin, president of the Alliance of Professional Tattooists, told Gillespie that the industry already has rules in place about tattooing over scars, and there is typically no problem as long as the scar isn't fresh.

Ky. proposes ban on tattooing over scars, but won't say why; public comment on proposal taken through May; hearing May 28

5/24/19: This story has been updated with information from a Cabinet for Health and Family Services news release. 

 Kentucky health officials are proposing to ban tattooing over scars, without giving a reason for doing so, drawing criticism from doctors and tattoo artists, Lisa Gillespie reports for Louisville's WFPL.

WFPL photo

The proposal doesn't offer a reason for the change and simply reads, "Tattooing of scarred skin is prohibited."

A statement from Doug Hogan, chief spokesman for the Cabinet for Health and Family Services, also didn't give a reason for the change.

“Regulations in this area have not been updated for about 15 years. Public comments are being accepted through the end of May,” Hogan wrote. He said the Department for Public Health “will review and analyze all comments and then determine what changes, if any, need to be made to the regulations.”

UPDATE: On May 24, the Cabinet for Health and Family Services issued a news release that said the cabinet made the change to the regulation to address the potential health issues of tattooing over unhealthy skin.  However, Health Commissioner Dr. Jeffery Howard said, "The specific language in the proposed regulation had some unintended consequences and will be addressed. . . . we believe the final regulation will be improved by the comments we have received." The release notes that the language regarding tattooing over scarred skin will be addressed once the public comment period has ended on May 31st.

David Levine, a researcher and doctor at the Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, told Gillespie that he doesn’t know of any medical research that would warrant such a ban and that he thinks the proposal is written too broadly.

“It probably should have been more specific to the reason that the skin was scarred in the first place,” Levine said. “There are people that are using cosmetic tattooing to actually reduce the appearance of scars.”

Levine did caution that tattoo artists should avoid one type of scarring: a keloid, a raised scar that spreads across the skin, because the process of tattooing would likely lead to more of them. Gillespie reports that this type of scar is most common in African Americans, Asian Americans and Latinos.

Mike Martin, president of the Alliance of Professional Tattooists, told Gillespie that the industry already has rules in place about tattooing over scars, and there is typically no problem as long as the scar isn't fresh. He added that he had never heard of such a ban.

Buddy Wheeler, the owner of Tattoo Charlie’s in Louisville and Lexington, listed several reasons why people cover up scars with tattoos, including cancer survivors who want to cover their mastectomy scars.

Public comments on the proposal are being accepted through the end of May. Comments can be emailed to: CHFSregs@ky.gov. A public hearing on the measure is scheduled for May 28 in Frankfort.

Kentuckians are encouraged to let the pros handle the fireworks; even sparklers, firecrackers and bottle rockets are dangerous

By Melissa Patrick
Kentucky Health News

Fireworks are often synonymous with the Fourth of July, but they are also a common cause of injury, so the state Division of Fire Prevention recommends attending a community firework event instead of celebrating with fireworks at home.

"Let the professionals entertain your family," Mike Haney, state fire marshal and director of fire prevention for the Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction, said in a news release. "By celebrating at a public event instead of at home, you reduce the risk of injury and property damage. You may also avoid violating the law."

Consumer Product Safety Commission graphic, using data from the 2017 Fireworks Annual Report

The latest U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission fireworks report found that in 2017, 12,900 consumers were treated in U.S. emergency rooms for fireworks-related injuries and eight people died from them, with  victims ranging from age four to 57. Seven of the deaths were a result of direct impact from fireworks and one of them was the result of a house fire caused by misusing a firecracker.

The report adds that children between the ages of 10 and 14 were seen most often in emergency rooms for fireworks injuries, followed by young adults between the ages of 20 to 24.

Haney also reminded Kentuckians to pay attention to state and local fireworks laws.

For example, state law prohibits people under 18 from buying fireworks, and from selling them unless supervised by a parent or guardian. The law bans fireworks from being used within 200 feet of a structure, vehicle or other person; and fireworks cannot be sold to anyone who is under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

"Local governments set their own firework ordinances, so be aware of the regulations in your own town," Haney said.

Here are some safety tips from the National Council on Fireworks Safety:

 * Read and follow the instructions on the label.
 * A responsible adult should supervise all firework activities.
 * Never allow children to play with or ignite fireworks.
 * Alcohol and fireworks do not mix. Have a "designated adult shooter."
 * Wear safety glasses when shooting fireworks.
 * Light one firework at a time and then quickly move away.
 * Never light fireworks in a container, especially a glass or metal container.
 * Use fireworks outdoors in a clear area away from buildings and vehicles.
 * Always have a bucket of water and charged water hose nearby.
 * Never relight a "dud" firework; wait 20 minutes and soak in a bucket of water.
 * Do not experiment with homemade fireworks.
 * Wet down used fireworks and place them in a metal trash can.
 * Place disposed of fireworks away from buildings or combustible materials.
 * Report any illegal explosives to the fire or police department.

The CPSC report says that on average,  280 people went to the emergency room every day with fireworks-related injuries in the month around the July 4th holiday in 2017, with about 1,200 of those visits related to sparkler injuries, 800 of them relate to firecrackers and 300 related to bottle rockets.

Michael Spencer, a pilot from Bowling Green, told attendees of a CPSC fireworks event about the dangers of fireworks, having lost several fingers on both hands in 2015 from a shell-and-mortar style firework device. Spencer is now committed to making sure this doesn't happen to anyone else, CPSC writes in a news release about its latest fireworks report, released June 27.

 “Fireworks can be extremely dangerous, even if they are legal,” Spencer said in the release.“My advice would be to leave them to the professionals.”

KidsHealth also stresses that kids should "never play with fireworks," writing that this includes "firecrackers, rockets and sparklers" because they are "just too dangerous."

"If you give kids sparklers, make sure they keep them outside and away from the face, clothing and hair," they write. Sparklers can burn at nearly 2,000 degrees Farenheit and bottle rockets are known to stray off course or to throw shrapnel when they explode.

If a person is injured by fireworks, KidsHealth says to immediately seek medical care.

If the injury is to an eye, KidsHealth says not to rub it, since that may cause more damage; don't flush the eye with water or to put any ointment on it. Instead, cut out the bottom of a paper cup, place it around the eye, and get medical care right away, because your eyesight may depend on it.

If a person is burned, KidsHealth recommends removing the clothing from the burned area and to call your doctor immediately.

Summer's here, which means it's time to protect our skin from the sun and keep a regular watch for skin cancer

Chart from Great Plains Center for Agricultural Health; click on it
to view a larger version; to download a full-size version, click here.

Friday, June 1 is the start of meteorological summer, which is a great reminder to make sure you have enough sunscreen on hand and to remember to check your body for skin cancer.

The American Cancer Society says the top cause of skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet, or UV, rays from the sun or other sources like tanning beds.

To protect yourself from the sun, the ACS recommends wearing clothing and a wide-brim hat to protect as much skin as possible; using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a SPF of 30 or higher, and to reapply every two hours, as well as after swimming or sweating; staying in the shade if possible; and avoiding tanning beds and sunlamps.

But it's also important to be careful when using sunscreens on children.

Brenda Goodman of WebMD reports on a 14-month-old child who is recovering from a "painful, blistering rash that spread over her cheeks and nose, right where her mom had spread a palmful of Banana Boat Kids Free spray sunscreen."

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is investigating the case, and told WebMD that it is aware of three other Canadian children who had reactions to the same product.

Dr. Alok Vij, a dermatologist at the Cleveland Clinic, told WebMD that he thought the reaction was something called a photoallergy, which happens when the sunlight combines with a chemical to cause a chemical reaction.

His advice to parents includes: Keep kids out of the sun during the brightest parts of the day, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.; use sun-protective clothing; use mineral-based sunscreens, like those with zinc or titanium; and avoid spray sunscreens. 

The American Academy of Dermatology reports that one in five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime.

 The doctors at University of Louisville Physicians – Surgical Oncology, in a U of L news release, recommends regular skin self-exams after a shower or bath.They note that it's important to learn where your birthmarks, moles and blemishes are located, and to take note of how they usually look and feel. Family members can examine areas that are hard for an individual to see.

"Using a full-length mirror and a hand-held mirror, check for anything new such as a mole that looks abnormal, a change in size, shape, color or texture of a mole or a sore that doesn’t heal," the doctors advice. "Check yourself from head to toe, including all areas and crevices of the skin."

They also offer these "ABCDE" tips to help you remember what to watch for:

• Asymmetry – The shape of one half does not match the other.
• Border – The edges are often jagged, uneven, distorted or atypical in outline; the pigment may spread into the surrounding skin.
• Color – The color is uneven. Shades of black, brown and tan may be present. Areas of white, gray, red, pink or blue also may be seen.
• Diameter – There is a change in size, usually an increase. Melanomas are usually larger than the eraser of a pencil (1/4 inch or 5 mm).
• Evolution – Anything that changes over time. It is important to call a dermatologist if you find one of these suspicious characteristics.

And just because you have dark skin doesn't mean you shouldn't check yourself. A 2016 American Academy of Dermatology study, “Racial Disparities in Melanoma Survival,” found that while melanoma incidence is higher in whites, death rates are relatively higher among people of color.

 “Far too often, black, Hispanic, and Asian patients with melanoma cancer tell us they believed that melanoma was only a danger for sun-seeking whites,” says the study report. “But anyone – regardless of skin color – may develop melanoma, in both sun-exposed and sun-protected sites. Not noticing or ignoring a new or changing mole in a sun-protected site can be fatal.”

Doctor discusses myths about sun exposure and sunburn

As the weather grows warmer and more people spend longer periods of time outside in the sun, it's important to understand the dangers of sun exposure. "Ultraviolet radiation is a known carcinogen, which means, similar to cigarette smoking, it can cause lasting damage to the body," said Dr. Holly Kanavy, assistant professor of medicine at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and director of pharmacology at Montefiore Health System. Kanavy discussed five myths people often believe about sun damage:

Myth 1: Some people believe they only need to protect themselves from the sun during peak hours. Although extra precautions should be taken between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., people are susceptible to damage from the sun anytime it's out.

Myth 2: Some people think if children do not get burned, they must be wearing enough sunblock. However, young children are particularly susceptible to sun damage and should wear and reapply SPF 30 or higher sunblock. Hats and sunglasses as well as clothing are also helpful, but wet clothes don't offer much protection from the sun.

Myth 3: Some individuals think sun exposure is required to obtain vitamin D. In truth, it only takes 10-15 minutes of sun exposure several times per week. Some people do not wear sunscreen because they're trying to get vitamin D. However, that isn't necessary because it takes sunscreen about 20 minutes to start working, and people can get their vitamin D intake during that time. Also the vitamin can be acquired through certain foods.

Myth 4: Some people believe that the only important factor to look for in sunscreen is the SPF. However, people should make sure their sunblock protects against both UVA and UVB rays. UVA rays age the skin and can cause skin cancer. To make sure a sunblock protects against both kinds of rays, look for the words "broad spectrum" and ingredients like avobenzone, oxybenzone, zinc oxide and/or titanium oxide.

Myth 5: Some people think sun protection is unnecessary indoors or on cold days. However, temperature doesn't affect radiation, and UVA rays can go through clouds and glass. UVA rays don't cause tanning, but can cause damage.

Kanavy also recommended steps to take after getting sunburn. "Immediately after a burn, take a cool shower and keep the burn moisturized," he said. "Ingredients like vitamin C and vitamin E can help control damage."

Tips on how to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes

By Melissa Patrick
Kentucky Health News

Spending time outdoors is one of the great pleasures of summer. Unfortunately, this is also the active season for the 50 mosquito species that call Kentucky home. These mosquitoes are more than just a nuisance; some carry disease, making it important to protect yourself from them.

Photo from cdc.gov

Chikungunya is the latest mosquito-born virus transmitted in the U.S., although most cases in the U.S. are still caused by infections acquired from travel to the Caribbean, South America or the Pacific Islands, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is rarely fatal, but commonly causes fever, severe joint pain and other symptoms.

Kentucky had 17 confirmed cases of Chikungunya last year as well as eight probable ones, all in residents who had traveled recently to the Caribbean. and none of the cases were fatal. The state also had three confirmed cases of other mosquito-borne illnesses in 2014, including two dengue fever cases and one West Nile case, according to the Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services.

Repellents

Insect repellents are your best guard against mosquitoes.

Four products have been registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for use as mosquito repellents: DEET (diethyltoluamide), picaridin, IR3535, and some oil of lemon eucalyptus and para-menthane-diol products.

Consumer Reports tested 15 products that represented each of these recommended repellents by spraying the products on the forearms of the testers, waiting 30 minutes, exposing their forearms to mosquitoes and ticks, and then measuring the number of bites every hour.

Based on this experiment, the magazine recommended Sawyer Fisherman's Formula (20 percent picardin) and Repel Lemon Eucalyptus (30 percent oil of lemon eucalyptus) as its first and second choice for repellents.

"It was the first time in the history of Consumer Reports testing insect repellents that the non-DEET formulations did better than the deet products," Sue Byrne, the magazine's senior editor of health and food, told Darla Carter of The Courier-Journal.

These products were followed by Repel Scented Family (15 percent DEET); Natrapel 8 Hour ( 20 percent picardin); and Off! Deepwoods VII (25 percent DEET).

Read the Labels

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration strongly recommends that you read the labels of all insect repellents before use and then use them as instructed, paying careful attention to the age limitations and precautions.

"As long as you read and follow label directions and take proper precautions, insect repellents with active ingredients registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency do not present health or safety concerns," according to the FDA website.

Multiple sources say it is also important to not use combination products that contain both sunscreen and insect repellent. Sunscreen is meant to be applied often, while insect repellent is meant to be used sparingly.

High doses of DEET have been known to cause rashes, disorientation and seizures, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The FDA also notes that concentrations of any of the active ingredients above 50 percent "generally do not increase protection time" and that products with less than 10 percent of the active ingredient "offer only limited protection, about one or two hours."

Insect repellents and children

Adults should always apply insect repellents for children, making sure they don't get any on their hands, around their eyes, on any cuts or irritated skin. Spray repellents should always be applied outdoors, to avoid inhaling them.

The FDA recommends that DEET not be used on children under 2 months of age and that oil of lemon eucalyptus products not be used on children under 3 years old.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that products with more than 30 percent DEET not be used on children, and that you use just enough repellent to cover exposed skin. It also recommends immediately washing off the repellent, and washing any clothes worn while exposed to the repellent, before wearing them again.

KidsHealth recommends that if you use DEET products on children, you should adjust the concentration of product by the number of hours your kids will be outside, using a lower concentration if they are only out for an hour or two and a higher concentration, which will last longer, if they will be out longer.

Non-repellent protections

In addition to advice on repellents, the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment's Entomology Department website offers these suggestions to avoid mosquitoes:

• Minimize the standing water around your house; this is where mosquitoes breed.
• Use larvicides if it is impractical to eliminate a breeding site.
• Remove tall weeds and overgrowth in your yard; mosquitoes like to rest here during the day
• Keep windows, doors and porches tightly sealed and keep your screens in good repair.
• Stay indoors during the evening hours.
• Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants when outdoors.

UK Entomology says most devices that claim to attract, repel or kill mosquitoes don't work, or are unproven. It says "bug zappers" kill only a small percentage of mosquitoes, and studies have found that portable electronic devices using high-frequency ultrasonic sound are "of negligible benefit in deterring mosquitoes and reducing bites." The website does say that citronella oil offers "a degree of protection," but you need multiple candles to be effective.

Some odors we emit make us more attractive to mosquitoes; various repellents, including plant oils, are available

Mosquitoes are attracted to some people more than others because of skin odors or chemicals they emit, Jill Richardson writes for Salon. Carbon dioxide, heat, moisture, scent and appearance attract mosquitoes, but it's the chemicals you emit that make them want to take a bite, she writes.

Photo from Lexington Herald-Leader

Kentucky has about 60 of the 150 species of mosquitoes found in the U.S., according to the University of Kentucky Public Health Entomology Laboratory. Not all bite, and if one does, it is always a female, which needs the protein found in blood to make her eggs, UK extension entomologist Lee Townsend writes in The Courier-Journal.

Each species differs in biting persistence, habits and ability to transmit disease and even flying ability, Richardson writes, but it is the chemicals we emit that dictate their preference of who to bite.  L-lactic acid, ammonia, carboxylic acids and octenol, especially in combination with each other, are the chemicals most likely to attract them.

Scientist have found that adding l-lactic acid to the scent of someone who is not normally bitten by mosquitoes will make them more attractive to certain kinds of mosquitoes, Richardson reports. The presence of carbon dioxide has also been found in studies to be attractive to certain mosquitoes. Ammonia, which occurs from a pH change when bacteria in sweat multiply, is also appealing to mosquitoes.

So are smelly feet. Studies with Limburger cheese, which resembles human foot odor, have confirmed this. However, malarial mosquitoes are most attracted to this odor, so the saying that "If you keep your feet clean then mosquitoes won't bite," is good advice only if you are traveling in the tropics, Richardson writes.

Human odor that attracts mosquitoes may be genetically driven, but theories vary. One says individuals who are not attractive to mosquitoes don't produce the odors that attract them; and another says some people actually emit an inherited odor that keeps mosquitoes from finding them.

For those who consider themselves "mosquito bait," Richardson makes several suggestions: bathe at dusk, when mosquitoes come out, to minimize sweat odor, rub your body with antimicrobial plants like sage, wear a full-body mosquito net suit or use a repellent, which is the most convenienct, effective protection.

The most common repellent is DEET, available over the counter in many preparations. A prescription repellent is permethrin, which Richardson says may be carcinogenic though it is approved by the Environmental Protection Agency.

A young jewelweed plant

Many people use essential plant oils, though they evaporate quickly, requiring frequent application. The one most commonly recommended is lemon eucalyptus oil, which has proven effective. Richardson's article has details about other plant oils, and recommends crushed jewelweed as a remedy for mosquito bites.

Darla Carter of The Courier-Journal also had a good roundup of mosquito information in the Louisville paper's July 18 edition: http://www.courier-journal.com/story/life/wellness/health/2014/07/17/guard-mosquitoes-summer/12786213/.

Season has arrived for poison ivy, oak and sumac; here's plenty of advice on how to deal with them and their rashes

Leaves of three, let them be.

This old childhood rhyme still holds true today,well at least for poison oak and poison ivy. Poison sumac has seven to 13 leaflets on each leaf. But the result is the same: If you come into contact with the oil from their leaves, you are likely to end up with a an itchy rash that can last from one to three weeks.

About 85 percent of people will develop an itchy, blistering rash when they come in contact with the oil from these plants, says the American Academy of Dermatology in a news release.

The rash itself isn't contagious, but the oil is, and it can linger on just about any surface: skin, clothes, under fingernails, tools, pets -- you get the picture. It can even come through the air if someone is burning brush. So, you can get poison ivy, poison sumac or poison oak without stepping one foot into nature.
Avoiding the plants and wearing protective clothing are the two proven ways to avoid getting a rash from these plants.

“If you are absolutely certain that your rash is due to poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac, and if the rash appears on a small section of your skin, you may be able to treat the rash at home,” Seemal R. Desai, dermatologist from Texas, said in the news release. “However, if you have difficulty breathing or swallowing, you experience swelling, or you have many rashes or blisters, go to the emergency room right away.”

The association also recommends going to the emergency room if the rash covers most of your body, if your eyelid swells shut, if the rash develops anywhere on your face or genitals, if much of your skin itches, or nothing seems to ease the itch.

Fortunately, there are simple steps people can take to safely treat a mild rash at home. Here are the association's recommendations for treating mild cases of poison ivy, poison oak or poison sumac:

1. Immediately rinse your skin with lukewarm, soapy water. Initially take a shower, not a bath, to get the oil off of your body.
2. Wash your clothing.
3. Wash everything that may have come in contact with the oil from the leaves.
4. Do not scratch. Scratching can cause infection.
5. Leave blisters alone. If blisters open, do not remove the overlying skin, as the skin can protect the raw wound underneath and prevent infection.
6. Take short, lukewarm baths to relieve the itch. Add colloidal oatmeal from the drugstore or one cup of baking soda to the running water for additional relief.
7. Consider using calamine lotion or hydro-cortisone cream.
8. Apply cool compresses to the itchy skin.
9. Consider taking antihistamine pills. These pills can help reduce itching, however use with caution. Call your doctor if you are uncertain if you should take an antihistamine.
10. Do not apply a topical antihistamine to your skin; doing so can worsen the rash and the itch.
11. See a dermatologist if the rash has not improved within 10 days.

Senate committee kills bill to keep minors from using tanning beds

Legislation to ban minors from using tanning beds fell two votes short of passing the Senate Health and Welfare Committee on Wednesday. The bill, which passed the House 61-31, would have prohibited anyone under the age of 18 from using tanning beds. Kentucky prohibits all minors under 14 from using tanning beds, and requires parental permission for those ages 14 to 17.

Sen. Jimmy Higdon, R-Lebanon, told Stu Johnson of  WEKU-FM, "I just can't get to the point where I ban juniors and seniors in high school from using a tanning bed. I think they're of age to be responsible enough to understand the consequences." (Read more)

Sen. Joe Bowen, R-Owensboro, said he didn't "support the bill because it is an example of the government telling people how to live their lives," The Associated Press reports. "He noted his wife had skin cancer in her 20s that was not caused by a tanning bed." (Read more)

Seventeen states and Washington D.C. have laws banning minors from using tanning beds, and 33 states and Washington, D.C., regulate the use of tanning beds by minors, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. California, Illinois, Nevada, Texas, Vermont and Oregon ban tanning bed use for all minors, with exceptions made in some cases for medical use. (Read more) (American Academy of Dermatology graphic of state tanning laws for minors)

State House panel approves bills to require HPV vaccinations of boys and girls and ban use of tanning beds by children

The state House Health and Welfare Committee approved two bills Thursday to require that boys and girls to be vaccinated for the human papilloma virus before sixth grade and to generally ban use of tanning beds for those under 18. HPV causes cervical and oral cancer, and tanning is a cause of skin cancer.

House Bill 311 would allow parents to withhold consent for the HPV vaccination for any reason. House Bill 310 would bar anyone under 18 from using a tanning bed without a prescription. Under current law, use of a tanning bed by 14- to 17-year-olds requires consent of a parent or guardian.

Gov. Steve Beshear issued a press release praising the bills and the prime sponsor, Democratic Rep. David Watkins, a retired physician from Henderson. "Every year, more than 9,000 Kentuckians succumb to various forms of cancer, making the commonwealth the worst state in the nation for cancer-related deaths," Beshear said. "Last week, I outlined seven major goals to reduce our rate of cancer deaths, as well as improve Kentucky’s other dismal health statistics, by 2019. . . . I am optimistic that House members will look favorably upon these common sense measures to improve the health of Kentuckians and vote for their passage."

Study finds that daily use of sunscreen prevents aging of skin

Sunscreen doesn't just prevent sun burns and skin cancer; using it daily can slow down your skin's aging too, says a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. 

Australian researchers found that when adults regularly used broad-spectrum sunscreen, they were less likely to show increased wrinkling over a four-and-a-half-year period compared to adults who used sunscreen every once and a while, reports Barbara Mantel of NBC News.

This is the first study showing that sunscreen prevents skin aging, and the results show year-round use of sunscreen significantly slows the aging of skin caused by the sun's ultraviolet rays, Dr. Adele Green of Royal Brisbane Hospital in Queensland told the Gupta Guide.

"Previous research has shown that skin aging is associated with an increased risk of actinic keratoses and melanoma, and now we have the first randomized trial to show that sunscreen retards skin aging," Green said.

The sunscreen used in the study had a SPF of 15, which blocks about 94 percent of ultraviolet B rays. Stronger preparations have only a small additional effect; one with an SPF of 40 filters about 97.5 percent, Green told Mantel.

"The more important issue is applying the sunscreen well and reapplying it often," and you should make sure that sunscreen is broad spectrum, he said. The study also found that daily beta-carotene supplementation had no effect on skin aging.

The study shows that just 15 minutes of sun on any part of your body can age the skin, and it is never too late to start using sunscreen, said Dr. Nancy Snyderman of NBC News. Even in middle age, if you start using sunscreen, you can role back the aging of your skin, she said. Here's NBC's video clip:

Don't get burned, bitten or bamboozled this summer; here are safety tips for dealing with the sun, insects and sales pitches

By Molly Burchett
Kentucky Health News

Summer is finally here, and after one of the coldest Kentucky springs, who doesn't want to be outside swimming, skiing, fishing, barbecuing or soaking up rays on the beach? While summer may bring much-anticipated fun in the sun, it's important to take some  safety precautions to make sure you and your family are not getting too much of a good thing.

Sunscreen can protect you from cancer, but don't spray it

The sun is bad for your skin, and exposure to its harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays can increase your risk for skin cancer, which is the most common cancer in the U.S., says the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It's critical to protect yourself and your children from sun damage because just one blistering sunburn in childhood more than doubles the odds of developing skin cancer later in life, says the Mayo Clinic.

Fortunately, it’s never too late or too early to lessen your risk of sun damage by using sunscreen, and the Environmental Working Group has recently released its 2013 Guide to Sunscreens, which rates more than 1,400 sunscreens, lip balms, and SPF moisturizers and cosmetics for safety and effectiveness.

This year, EWG says 184 sunscreens, 25 percent of those on the market, met its criteria of offering adequate UV protection and posing few safety concerns. You can click here to view that product list, or here to check out the EWG findings for moisturizers, lip balm and makeup.

EWG also created a somewhat surprising list of things NOT to bring on vacation because they are unsafe or do not provide adequate UV protection:

• Spray sunscreen: These sprays may pose serious inhalation risks, and they make it too easy to not apply enough sunscreen or to miss a spot.
• High-SPF sunscreens: These products may tempt people to stay in the sun too long, which can increase the risk of other kinds of skin damage, and EWG recommends that consumers avoid products labeled higher than SPF 50.
• Oxybenzone: Used in half of sunscreen products, this chemical penetrates the skin and can adversely impact health in several ways; in the body, it acts like the female hormone estrogen and can cause allregic reactions.
• Loose powder sunscreen: Tiny zinc particles in these products can also end up in your lungs when you breathe them in during application, which irritates the lungs.
• Retinyl palmitate: Some sunscreens contain this chemical, which is a form of vitamin A, but when applied to sun-exposed skin, it may speed development of skin tumors and lesions.
• Combined sunscreen/bug repellents: Studies show this combination leads to increased skin absorption of the repellent ingredients.
• Sunscreen towelettes: Whether they really work is unknown.
• Tanning oils: They are simply a bad idea and can ultimately lead to behavior that increases risk of developing skin cancer.

So, check the ingredients for your sunscreen, avoid high-SPF's or sprays and make it a habit to wear sunscreen during sports or whenever you're outside. Be sure to reapply often to ensure UV protection, particularly if you get wet or sweaty. Click here to read EWG's "Nine Surprising Facts about Sunscreen."

Hats and clothing: Choose the right kind

Children are more vulnerable to sun damage, so in addition to actual sunscreen, the best sun protections for them are a hat and shirt (which also protect adults). The CDC recommends avoiding straw hats that let sun through the holes, and to wear a hat with UV protection or a wide brim to shield the face, head, ear and neck. If you do chose to wear a baseball cap, protect your ears and neck with clothing, sunscreen (with at least SPF 15) or spend lots of time in shade.

Wear clothing to protect exposed skin. The CDC says loose-fitting long-sleeved shirts and long pants made from tightly woven fabric offer the best UV protection. Darker colors may offer more protection than lighter colors, and a wet t-shirt offers much less UV protection that a dry one.

Sunburn treatment: People with fair skin or light-colored hair are more likely to be sunburned. If you get sunburned, remember that "The skin heals but is forever damaged," writes University of Kentucky nursing Professor Mollie Aheshire. "The more frequent and more severe the burns, the more damage there is," along with risk for cancer and premature aging. "If a sunburn is blistering and covers a large portion of your body; is accompanied by a high fever, extreme pain, confusion, nausea or chills; or does not respond to at-home treatment within a few days . . . see a health-care provider." Mild sunburns can be treated with over-the-counter pain relievers, cold compresses and moisturizing creams — aloe vera or hydrocortisone lotions. "If blisters form, do not break them," Aheshire writes. "Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Treat peeling skin gently. Stay out of the sun until redness and pain resolve." (Read more)

Sunglasses: Not just to help you see now, but to keep you seeing longer

Besides being dangerous for your skin, UV rays are dangerous to your eyes and can cause vision disorders, premature aging of the eyes or even blindness. It is important to wear sunglasses to protect eyes from sun damage, although a new survey from the American Optometric Association shows that only 40 percent of consumers cite this protection as the primary reason for wearing sunglasses, says a Kentucky Optometric Association press release.

To help reduce the risks of harmful UV exposure on the eyes, children and adults should start wearing protective sunglasses as as early as possible, and parents should ensure that babies are protected by sunglasses too, says the release. When choosing sunglasses or protective contact lenses, make sure that they block more than 95 percent of UV-A and more than 99 percent of UV-B radiation, says the KOA, and sunglasses should have a frame that fits close to the eyes so the UV rays can't sneak around the sides.

Insect repellent: Bugs can bug you, but don't over-react to them

Although nothing can ruin a relaxing summer picnic faster than bugs, take precautions to ensure you're using the right type of bug repellent-- one that's been approved by the Environmental Protection Agency -- and that you're using it wisely.

Not only are bugs annoying, they can also carry dangerous diseases, and for the safe and effective use bug repellents, always read the product label before using the product, EPA says. It says to follow these bug-repellent safety tips:

• Repellents should be applied only to exposed skin and/or clothing. Do not use them under clothing.
• Store insect repellents safely out of the reach of children.
• Do not apply near eyes and mouth, and be use sparingly around the ears.
• When using sprays, spray on the hands first and then apply to the face, not directly to the face.
• Never use repellents over cuts, wounds or irritated skin.
• Do not spray in enclosed areas and avoid spraying near food.
• After returning indoors, wash treated skin and clothes with soap and water.
• Do not use any product on pets or other animals
• Most insect repellents do not work on lice or fleas. 
• Click here to search for a repellent that's right for you.

Beware if you want to use a wearable repellent that's not sticky and has to be continuously resprayed, such as Off!'s clip-on mosquito repellent. It works once the cloud of mosquito protection is built around the wearer, says Brighid Moret of The Washington Times, but it's not a good option for an active or young child. The manufacturer warns on the label that a chemical on the product's enclosed disk is harmful if swallowed, directly inhaled or absorbed through the skin, and young children should not wear it.

Whether you're going on vacation or a "stay-cation," these tips can help protect you and your family from the sun and bugs in order to safely make the most of your summer. Click here for more sun safety tips from EWG.